# Basic try/except
try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")
    result = 0

print(f"Result: {result}")

# Handle division by zero
try:
    number = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Division by zero error")
    number = 0

# Handle invalid conversion
try:
    age = int("abc")
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid number format")
    age = 0

# Handle missing dictionary key
data = {"name": "Alice"}
try:
    email = data["email"]
except KeyError:
    print("Email key not found")
    email = "unknown"

print(f"Number: {number}, Age: {age}, Email: {email}")

# Capture exception details
try:
    result = int("invalid")
except ValueError as e:
    print(f"Error occurred: {e}")
    print(f"Error type: {type(e).__name__}")

# Multiple ways to get error info
try:
    missing_file = open("nonexistent.txt")
except FileNotFoundError as error:
    print(f"File error: {error}")
    print(f"Error args: {error.args}")

def safe_divide(a, b):
    try:
        result = a / b
        return result
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        print("Cannot divide by zero")
        return 0
    except TypeError:
        print("Invalid data types for division")
        return None

# Test different scenarios
print(safe_divide(10, 2))    # Normal division
print(safe_divide(10, 0))    # Division by zero
print(safe_divide("10", 2))  # Type error

# Handle multiple exceptions in one block
try:
    data = {"count": "5"}
    result = 10 / int(data["count"])
except (ValueError, TypeError, KeyError) as e:
    print(f"Data processing error: {e}")
    result = 0

# Handle any exception
try:
    risky_operation = 1 / 0
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Unexpected error: {e}")
    risky_operation = None

print(f"Result: {result}")

# Catch specific first, then general
try:
    numbers = [1, 2, 3]
    value = numbers[10]
except IndexError:
    print("Index out of range")
    value = 0
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Other error: {e}")
    value = None

print(f"Value: {value}")

# Finally always executes
file = None
try:
    file = open("data.txt", "w")
    file.write("test data")
except IOError:
    print("File operation failed")
finally:
    if file:
        file.close()
        print("File closed")

# Else runs if no exceptions occur
def safe_conversion(value):
    try:
        number = int(value)
    except ValueError:
        print("Conversion failed")
        return None
    else:
        print("Conversion successful")
        return number
    finally:
        print("Conversion attempt completed")

result1 = safe_conversion("42")
result2 = safe_conversion("abc")

def process_data(data):
    try:
        # Try to process the data
        processed = data.upper().strip()
        length = len(processed)
    except AttributeError:
        print("Data is not a string")
        return None
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Unexpected error: {e}")
        return None
    else:
        print("Processing successful")
        return processed
    finally:
        print("Processing attempt finished")

# Test the function
result1 = process_data("  hello world  ")
result2 = process_data(123)