# Function with *args (variable positional arguments)
def sum_numbers(*args):
    total = 0
    for number in args:
        total += number
    return total

# Function with **kwargs (variable keyword arguments)
def create_profile(**kwargs):
    profile = {}
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        profile[key] = value
    return profile

# Using the functions
result1 = sum_numbers(1, 2, 3)
result2 = sum_numbers(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

profile1 = create_profile(name="Alice", age=30)
profile2 = create_profile(name="Bob", age=25, city="New York")

print(f"Sum1: {result1}")  # Sum1: 6
print(f"Sum2: {result2}")  # Sum2: 150
print(f"Profile1: {profile1}")
print(f"Profile2: {profile2}")

# Simple *args example
def greet_all(*names):
    for name in names:
        print(f"Hello, {name}!")

def find_maximum(*numbers):
    if not numbers:
        return None
    return max(numbers)

def concatenate_strings(*strings):
    return " ".join(strings)

# Test the functions
greet_all("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie")

max_num = find_maximum(5, 2, 9, 1, 7)
message = concatenate_strings("Python", "is", "awesome")

print(f"Maximum: {max_num}")    # Maximum: 9
print(f"Message: {message}")    # Message: Python is awesome

# Simple **kwargs example
def print_info(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

def create_config(**settings):
    config = {
        "debug": False,
        "timeout": 30
    }
    # Update with provided settings
    config.update(settings)
    return config

# Test the functions
print("User Information:")
print_info(name="Alice", age=30, city="Boston")

config = create_config(debug=True, timeout=60, host="localhost")
print(f"\nConfig: {config}")

# Regular parameters + *args
def calculate_total(tax_rate, *prices):
    subtotal = sum(prices)
    tax = subtotal * tax_rate
    total = subtotal + tax
    return total

def format_message(template, *values):
    try:
        return template.format(*values)
    except IndexError:
        return "Not enough values for template"

# Test the functions
total = calculate_total(0.08, 10, 20, 30)  # tax_rate=0.08, prices=(10,20,30)
msg = format_message("Hello {}, you have {} messages", "Alice", 5)

print(f"Total with tax: ${total:.2f}")  # Total with tax: $64.80
print(f"Message: {msg}")                # Message: Hello Alice, you have 5 messages

def flexible_function(required, default="default", *args, **kwargs):
    print(f"Required: {required}")
    print(f"Default: {default}")
    print(f"Extra args: {args}")
    print(f"Keyword args: {kwargs}")

# Different ways to call the function
print("Call 1:")
flexible_function("must_have")

print("\nCall 2:")
flexible_function("must_have", "custom", 1, 2, 3)

print("\nCall 3:")
flexible_function("must_have", extra1="value1", extra2="value2")

print("\nCall 4:")
flexible_function("must_have", "custom", 1, 2, name="Alice", age=30)

def log_message(level, message):
    print(f"[{level}] {message}")

def enhanced_log(*args, **kwargs):
    # Add timestamp to kwargs
    import datetime
    kwargs["timestamp"] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
    
    # Call original function with passed arguments
    log_message(*args)
    
    # Print additional info
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"  {key}: {value}")

# Test the enhanced function
enhanced_log("INFO", "Application started", user="admin", version="1.0")

def create_user(name, email, **additional_info):
    user = {
        "name": name,
        "email": email,
        "active": True
    }
    
    # Add any additional information
    user.update(additional_info)
    return user

def format_list(*items, separator=", ", prefix="", suffix=""):
    formatted_items = [f"{prefix}{item}{suffix}" for item in items]
    return separator.join(formatted_items)

# Test the functions
user1 = create_user("Alice", "alice@email.com", age=30, city="Boston")
user2 = create_user("Bob", "bob@email.com", department="Engineering")

list1 = format_list("apple", "banana", "orange")
list2 = format_list("item1", "item2", "item3", separator=" | ", prefix=">> ")

print(f"User1: {user1}")
print(f"User2: {user2}")
print(f"List1: {list1}")
print(f"List2: {list2}")

def add_three_numbers(a, b, c):
    return a + b + c

# Unpack list/tuple when calling function
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
tuple_numbers = (10, 20, 30)

result1 = add_three_numbers(*numbers)        # Same as add_three_numbers(1, 2, 3)
result2 = add_three_numbers(*tuple_numbers)  # Same as add_three_numbers(10, 20, 30)

print(f"Result1: {result1}")  # Result1: 6
print(f"Result2: {result2}")  # Result2: 60

def create_account(username, email, active=True):
    return {
        "username": username,
        "email": email,
        "active": active
    }

# Unpack dictionary when calling function
user_data = {
    "username": "alice123",
    "email": "alice@example.com",
    "active": False
}

account = create_account(**user_data)  # Same as create_account(username="alice123", ...)
print(f"Account: {account}")